Valeria was a cheery child. Not even 2 years old, she loved to dance, play with her stuffed animals and brush her family members’ hair. Her father, Óscar Alberto Martínez Ramírez, was stalwart. Nearly always working, he sold his motorcycle and borrowed money to move his family from El Salvador to the United States. Martínez and his wife, Tania Vanessa Ávalos, wanted to save up for a home there. They wanted safety, opportunity.
“They wanted a better future for their girl,” María Estela Ávalos, Vanessa’s mother, told The Washington Post.
They traveled more than 1,000 miles seeking it. Once in the United States, they planned to ask for asylum, for refuge from the violence that drives many Central American migrants from their home countries every day. But the farthest the family got was an international bridge in Matamoros, Mexico. On Sunday, they were told the bridge was closed and that they should return Monday. Aid workers told The Post the line to get across the bridge was hundreds long.
The young family was desperate. Standing on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande, America looked within reach. Martínez and Valeria waded in. But before they all made it to the other side, to Brownsville, Tex., the river waters pulled the 25-year-old and his daughter under and swept them away.
The next day, a photo of their bodies among matted reeds, locked in a final embrace, was published by the Mexican newspaper La Jornada and later by the Associated Press, shocking the world with a viscerally clear moment of desperation reminiscent of a 2015 photograph showing a 3-year-old Syrian boy who lay drowned on a calm Mediterranean shore.
Martínez and Valeria were met by twin disasters: fast-moving waters and an asylum system unprepared for the crush of Central Americans fleeing crime and poverty.
As the image rocketed across social media, it became a symbol of the large-scale humanitarian crisis at the border and, for some, a condemnation of the Trump administration’s restrictive immigration policies. One of those policies, the U.S. customs practice known as “metering,” has drastically reduced the number of migrants allowed to request asylum each day.
“This particular incident highlights that there are many humanitarian tragedies resulting directly from our current immigration and border enforcement policies that are entirely unnecessary,” said Woodson Martin of Team Brownsville, a nonprofit group that travels to Matamoros every day to hand out food and water to waiting migrants. “We as a people are culpable in this, and we need to fix it.”
“The direct cause of the death of that father and daughter is the metering policy at the bridge,” he said.
In a news conference, Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador called the migrants’ deaths “very regrettable.”
“We have always denounced that as there is more rejection in the United States, there are people who lose their lives in the desert or crossing” the river, he said, according to an AP account.
Neither the Department of Homeland Security nor U.S. Customs and Border Protection responded to requests for comment. On Wednesday, President Trump blamed Democrats for the high number of migrants attempting to cross the border. His political opponents, Trump said, have refused to “fix the laws.”
“If we had the right laws that the Democrats are not letting us have, those people, they wouldn’t be coming up, they wouldn’t be trying,” he said.
Óscar Alberto Martínez Ramírez and his daughter, Valeria, in a family photo. (Courtesy María Estela Ávalos) (Courtesy of Maria Estela Avalos/Courtesy of Maria Estela Avalos)
Authorities detained more than 144,000 people at the border last month, as migration levels reached their highest point since 2006. Those record numbers, and a Rio Grande swollen from spring runoff, have made for especially perilous crossings in recent weeks.
Over the weekend, Border Patrol agents found four bodies near a section of the river in Hidalgo County, west of Brownsville. Three of them were young children, the fourth was a woman in her early 20s. A local sheriff said they were found “in an area very well known for immigrants crossing the river.”
In early May, border agents recovered the body of a 10-month-old boy and said they were searching for two other children and a man, all of whom went missing after their raft capsized as they tried to cross the Rio Grande near Eagle Pass, Tex.
Of the 283 migrant deaths that Border Patrol recorded at the Southwest border last year, the largest share — 96 — perished in the Rio Grande Valley. Agents rescued another 4,300 who were “in danger and in some cases life-threatening situations” border-wide.
During a Wednesday hearing about the U.S.-Mexico border, American lawmakers said they hoped the photo “that all Americans woke up this morning looking at” would motivate Congress to take action.
“I don’t want to see another picture like that on this border,” said Sen. Ron Johnson (R-Wis.), chair of the Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee.
Johnson implored Republicans and Democrats to work together on solving what has proven to be a politically divisive issue. “We have to do something,” he said.
For Democrats on the committee that means scrapping metering and the Trump administration policy that forces asylum seekers to wait in Mexico while their claims are processed. More than 11,000 people been returned to Mexico so far, according to government data provided to the committee.
In an interview, former acting director of Immigration and Customs Enforcement Tom Homan urged Congress to close what he called “loopholes” that encourage families to travel north with their children.
“The word’s out, you bring a child you probably won’t be detained at all,” said Homan, was on scene in 2003 when 19 immigrants died after being trapped in a tractor trailer. “So, you know, I’ve said it many times … If Congress doesn’t close the loopholes, more women will be raped, more children will die.”
It’s unclear how long Martínez and his family would have had to wait to begin their asylum claim, but Martin of Team Brownsville said there is a list of several hundred people on any given day. When they arrived in Matamoros on Sunday, they had been traveling through Mexico for two months, relatives said. And they may have had good reason to risk a river crossing, rather than stay in the border city.
“It’s a dangerous place to be a person, and it’s certainly a dangerous place to be a migrant,” Martin said.
Young women who travel there are often forced into prostitution, while men are pressured to join gangs, he said. The U.S. State Department advises its citizens to steer clear of the entire state of Tamaulipas, where Matamoros is located, “due to crime and kidnapping.”
Before they started their journey to the border, Vanessa called her mother to say the family was heading for the United States, and Estela was worried.
“I told them to pray as much as possible,” Estela said. “I asked God for nothing to happen to them, and for everything to go well. She assured me that they didn’t have far to go.”
The next time her daughter called, Estela could hardly understand her. She was screaming.
Now the family in Tonacatepeque, El Salvador, is expecting the bodies of Martínez and Valeria to return home, Estela said. Mexican authorities recovered them Monday morning, a few hundred yards from the international bridge. She hopes Vanessa will be back soon, too.
“I want to hug my daughter, she needs us,” Estela said. “I know she’s damaged, as are we, but she even more because she lost her little girl and her husband.”
- Gabriela Martínez contributed to this report from Mexico City. Drea Cornejo, Maria Sacchetti and Alex Horton contributed from Washington.
- The Washington Post
